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Travel Health: Vaccines and Precautions Before You Go
Summary
Traveling can be exciting, but it's important to stay healthy while you're away. Getting the right vaccines and taking precautions can help keep you safe from illnesses. This handout will guide you on what to do before you travel and how to protect yourself during your trip.
What Is This & Why It Matters
This handout provides information on vaccines and health tips to consider before you travel. It’s important to be prepared to avoid getting sick while enjoying your trip. Knowing what vaccines you may need and how to stay safe can make your travel experience much more enjoyable.
What You Should Do
- Schedule a pre-travel consultation 4-6 weeks before your trip.
- Get vaccines for hepatitis A and B, typhoid, yellow fever, meningococcal disease, and rabies if recommended for your destination.
- Check if you need malaria medication based on your travel region; options include atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine.
- Drink bottled or boiled water and eat freshly cooked food to avoid food and waterborne illnesses.
- Pack medications for traveler's diarrhea, such as loperamide, and know how to use them.
- Use insect repellent, wear long sleeves, and sleep under mosquito nets to protect against insect bites.
- Be aware of altitude sickness if traveling to high elevations; ascend gradually and stay hydrated.
- Move around and stretch your legs during long flights to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
What You Should NOT Do
- Do not wait until the last minute to get vaccines or medications.
- Avoid drinking tap water or ice made from tap water in high-risk areas.
- Do not eat raw or undercooked food unless you are sure it's safe.
- Avoid close contact with sick individuals during your travels.
- Do not ignore symptoms that arise during or after your trip.
Symptoms: Normal vs Warning Signs
Normal — Expected
- Mild fatigue from travel.
- Slight stomach upset from new foods.
- Minor headaches due to changes in altitude.
- Slight muscle soreness from activity.
Call Your Doctor If...
- Fever over 101°F (38.3°C).
- Severe or persistent diarrhea.
- Chest pain or shortness of breath.
- Severe headache or vision changes.
- Symptoms of allergic reactions like swelling or difficulty breathing.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: When should I see a doctor before traveling?
A: You should see a doctor 4-6 weeks before traveling to get vaccines and advice tailored to your destination.
Q: What vaccines do I need for travel?
A: Common vaccines include hepatitis A and B, typhoid, yellow fever, meningococcal disease, and rabies, depending on where you are going.
Q: How can I prevent traveler's diarrhea?
A: To prevent traveler's diarrhea, drink bottled or boiled water and eat freshly cooked meals.
Q: What should I do if I get sick while traveling?
A: If you feel unwell, rest, stay hydrated, and if symptoms persist, seek medical help.
Q: How can I protect myself from insect bites?
A: Use insect repellent, wear long sleeves, and sleep under mosquito nets to prevent bites.